Philippines Oceania

Their definition is used by the International Olympic Committee, and by many atlases, and includes Australia and the states of the Pacific to the east of Papua New Guinea, but not Indonesian New Guinea/Western New Guinea. The UN definition of Oceania also includes the Australian external territories of Christmas Island and Cocos Islands, located in the Indian Ocean. Both were uninhabited ahead of European discovery in the 17th century, and lie on the Australian Plate.

Melbourne is also fairly multicultural, having the largest Greek-speaking population outside of Europe, and the second largest Asian population in Australia after Sydney. Probably the most multicultural areas in Oceania, that have a high amount of immigration, are Australia, New Zealand and Hawaii. From the late 1970s, there was a significant upsurge in immigration from Asian and other non-European countries, making Australia a multicultural country. The highest recorded temperature in Oceania occurred in Oodnadatta, South Australia , where the temperature reached 50.7 °C (123.3 °F).

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Additionally, there are Creoles formed from the interaction of Malay or the colonial languages with indigenous languages, such as Tok Pisin, Bislama, Chavacano, various Malay trade and creole languages, Hawaiian Pidgin, Norfuk, and Pitkern. Contact between Austronesian and Papuan led to several instances in mixed languages such as for example Maisin.

The initial migration of Australo-Melanesians took place approximately 40 to 80 thousand years back, and these migrants, Papuans, colonised a lot of Near Oceania. Approximately 3.5 thousand years ago, another expansion of Austronesian speakers found its way to Near Oceania, and the descendants of the people spread to the far corners of the Pacific, colonising Remote Oceania. A 2011 survey found that 92% in Melanesia, 93% in Micronesia and 96% in Polynesia described themselves as Christians. Traditional religions tend to be animist, and prevalent among traditional tribes may be the belief in spirits representing natural forces. In the 2018 census, 37% of New Zealanders affiliated themselves with Christianity and 48% declared no religion. In the 2016 Census, 52% of the Australian population declared some selection of Christianity and 30% stated “no religion”.

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Fishing offers a major industry for most of the smaller nations in the Pacific, and the sale of fishing licenses may bring considerable income. However, many fishing areas are exploited by other larger countries, namely Japan. Australia and New Zealand, and also other countries, are members of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and the East Asia Summit , which might become trade blocs down the road, particularly the EAS.