maculopathy

Loss of choroidal vessels causes a choroidal circulatory disturbance, induces hypoxia in the RPE and glial cells, and triggers upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression. [newline]VEGF is a category of proteins including VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and placenta growth factor. The former two are expressed predominantly on vascular endothelial cells, while VEGFR-3 is expressed…