What is myopic maculopathy?
Loss of choroidal vessels causes a choroidal circulatory disturbance, induces hypoxia in the RPE and glial cells, and triggers upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression. [newline]VEGF is a category of proteins including VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and placenta growth factor. The former two are expressed predominantly on vascular endothelial cells, while VEGFR-3 is expressed on lymphatic endothelial cells. VEGF interacts with VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 to initiate an intracellular cascade and induce proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells and inhibit apoptosis. Besides hypoxia-induced expression of VEGF, the mechanical stress posed on RPE induces expression and secretion of VEGF. Outward indications of retinal detachment include sudden flashes of light in your eyes and seeing dark “floaters” in your vision.
Further long-term observation of the kids inside our cohort would help validate the finding from Yokoi et al. It may also serve as a tool to predict the development of pathologic myopia based on their clinical features in childhood.
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The white lines in this image of my retina are the lacquer cracks in my own right eyeOccasionally smaller amounts of blood can get through these cracks, causing what appears in the vision to become a small shadowy area. Visually, it appears as the holes or blurring on the grids in the image at the top of this section, but instead than being in the most central part of my vision, they’re typically slightly off-center. My doctor identifies these blood spots as benign or innocent bleeds because although they cause temporary disruption to my vision, they’ll eventually resolve themselves on their own without treatment and do not leave any lasting damage. They’re more annoying than anything, and occur in my vision quite frequently. The farther away these shadows are from my central vision, the more confident I feel going into an appointment that it’ll be determined to be a benign bleed. As I stated initially, a great way I wanted to use this blog was to educate people about pathological myopia and myopic macular degeneration, and giving an over-all overview of the basics seems like an excellent place to start.
- There is no cure, but slowing progression and managing dry AMD can be done.
- According to the clinical manifestations, AMD is divided into dry (non-exudative or atrophic) and wet types.
- 17 participants presented with diffuse chorioretinal atrophy ,
The 7300 Real-Time PCR System was used for amplification, and two housekeeping genes (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and ß-actin) were used as internal controls. The expression of the genes was determined in the sclera and RPE, and compared to the expression in the retina.
High myopia is the condition that eyes have refractive error ≤ -6.00 diopter when ocular accommodation is relaxed. Pathologic myopia can be an extreme kind of high myopia with characteristic fundus changes including posterior staphyloma and myopic maculopathy add up to or more serious than diffuse choroidal atrophy. Gaucher et al performed a retrospective overview of 29 eyes with myopic foveoschisis.9 Following a mean follow-up of 31.2 months, visual acuity worsened in 20 (69%) eyes and was stable in 9 (31%) eyes. In 9 of the 29 eyes, myopic MH developed during the follow-up period; 6 of the 9 eyes that developed myopic MH had foveal detachment prior to MH formation. Therefore, patients with myopic foveoschisis ought to be monitored regularly for foveal detachment, and surgical treatment is highly recommended when foveal detachment develops.
How Common Is Myopic Macular Degeneration?
data analyses were performed using a commercial statistical program, SPSS 17.0 . Eight new MM-related image features were discovered from the optic disc region, which described the shapes, textural patterns and intensity distributions of optic disc region. Compared with clinically reported MM-related features, these newly discovered features exhibited better abilities on severe MM classification. And the mean values of most features were markedly changed between patients with peripapillary diffuse chorioretinal atrophy and macular diffuse chorioretinal atrophy . In addition, raster and macular scans obtained by high-definition spectral-domain OCT were used to examine the retinal and choroidal integrity also to determine the presence/absence of myopic CNV and patchy atrophy. The choroidal thickness, defined as the distance between the RPE and the scleral interface , was manually measured by two masked observers using enhanced-depth imaging OCT images and Heidelberg Eye Explorer software .
- An electronic camera (Canon CX-1; Canon Corp., Tokyo, Japan) was used to take 2-field 45° fundus photos (1 macular-centered and 1 optic disc–centered) of both eyes.
- The feature firstorder_Entropy_B depicted the entropy of the spot rarely effected by area, so it was thought to be an independent factor.
- examined patients to take part in this research.
The Atropine in the Treatment of Myopia study in 2006 suggested that 1% of atropine can slow down the progression of childhood myopia. This study recruited 400 children (6-12 yrs . old) with low to moderate myopia (spherical equivalent of -1.00 to -6.00 D and astigmatism of ≤ -1.5 D). Participants were randomly assigned to the treatment group (1% atropine) or control group . Following a two-year follow-up, the progression of spherical equivalent value was 0.28 ± 0.92 D in the atropine group and 1.20 ± 0.69 D in the control group. The AL remained unchanged in the atropine group, while the AL elongated 0.38 ± 0.38 mm in the control group. Overall, 77% of the atropine group demonstrated a decrease in progression of myopia compared with the control group. Currently, no available treatment has been found for myopic maculopathy aside from mCNV.
Interventions To Myopic Cnv
of the choroid in healthy highly myopic eyes might relate with the development of myopic chorioretinal atrophy . Previous studies had many limitations because of imaging modalities; therefore, they could only focus on large vessels and use invasive methods such as fluorescein angiography. Progressive thinning of the sclera and ectasia of the posterior sclera will be the features of pathologic myopia. Similar to the sclera, the choroid becomes thinner during the progression of myopia.
lack of choriocapillaris, large choroidal vessels still remain. Both FA and ICGA show a choroidal filling defect in the area of patchy atrophy, suggesting that this lesion is a complete closure of choriocapillaris. On OCT, the region of patchy atrophy is seen as a an absence of the complete thickness of the choroid and the RPE combined with the outer retina. Thus, the inner retina is on the sclera within the area of patchy atrophy.
This causes the eyeball to evolve from the circular ball shape into more of a football shape. The retina becomes thinner since it stretches, and as that occurs, the area of the eye that allows one to see sharp details in the heart of your vision also stretches and becomes damaged. We selected MM-related features from 322 features predicated on evaluating their capability to classify patients with and without severe MM. First, mutual information and student’s t test were employed to filter out noisy and irrelevant features . Then, SFFS algorithm with random forest classifier was used to select the optimal feature set . Fivefold cross validation was employed in order to avoid over-fitting in SFFS procedure. Finally, your final feature
