What is the refractive index of rubber?

ASTM International is providing no-cost public usage of important ASTM standards found in the production and testing of personal protective equipment. By keeping high transparency and transmission level, liquid silicone rubber is best solution to consider if your application requires long-term durability. Liquid Silicone Rubber displays outstanding transparent properties, as you can plainly see in the following table. It is therefore a right alternative to traditional plastic materials and a suitable choice for applications requiring ultra clear features.
Incidentally, NBR with high concentrations of carbon (i.e., 60 wt% or more) cannot be made since it is impossible to keep up the rubber shapes. In plastic design, thick and thin parts are not easily achieved without sacrifice.

It is possible to achieve thick and thin geometries that oftentimes is often as thin as 0.010 in. Download this guide to explore the processes involved in creating sheet metal parts alongside how exactly to design common features and select the right material. Here you can find answers to the most typical questions concerning the process refractometer. Find out more about the principle, technology, and measurement behind a refractometer; refractive index. Licensee might not assign or transfer its rights under this Agreement minus the prior written permission of ASTM. Licensee may terminate this Agreement at any time by destroying all copies of the ASTM Documents and terminating all usage of the ASTM Product.

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Optical applications need a good refractive index of the material used so that you can display high performance. Liquid Silicone Rubber includes a lower refractive index than traditional thermoplastics which allow improved optical performance, due to lower Fresnel losses. Next, exactly the same samples were analyzed using a ZnSe prism with the same refractive index as the diamond prism, 2.4. 5, the respective amounts of carbon are 1, 5, 10, 16, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt%. Nenadue demonstrated that zinc oxide could possibly be completely dissolved from an uncured rubber-zinc oxide stock by treatment with an ether-acetic acid solution. This suggested the chance of measuring the refractive index of a rubber film following the zinc oxide had been removed.
The rubber-zinc oxide films %\-ereimmersed in a 20 per cent acetic acid-80 % ether solution for 10 days. Then your films n-ere extracted with hot acetone in a Soxhlet extractor and dried in a vacuum desiccator.

• A two-constant equation of the Cauchy or Sellmeier type is inadequate expressing the relation between refractive index
• They found no difference in the refractive index of rubber from various sources.
• For instance, the compound with 3 % zinc oxide no added stearic acid had the same refractive index value because the 4 per cent zinc oxide compound 11-itli 3 per cent stearic acid; this shows that 1 % of zinc oxide mas dissolved by the stearic acid.
• [newline]Here, spectra were obtained for samples containing carbon in amounts ranging from 1 to 50 wt% using three types of prisms, and the spectra were evaluated.

EVERAL years back, NcPherson and Cummings published data on the refractive index of rubber and of rubber-pigment mixtures. They found no difference in the refractive index of rubber from various sources. The degree of mastication did not, appreciably change refractive index.

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1 that, as the quantity of carbon increases, the spectral baseline rises, particularly at the proper end. This phenomenon occurs because carbon has absorbance through the entire entire infrared region and because, with the ATR method, light penetrates to a relatively large depth in the reduced wavenumber region. (Make reference to Q&A in FTIR TALK LETTER Vol. 6 for details.) It usually is seen that, if a diamond prism can be used, the right end is specially high for amounts of carbon of 10 wt% or even more.

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• 8 that, in comparison with analysis performed using a diamond prism, it is simpler to get hits.
• Next, exactly the same samples were analyzed using a ZnSe prism with the same refractive index because the diamond prism, 2.4.
• The reason being the refractive indices of the diamond and the ZnSe are almost exactly the same.
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• Refractive index – ratio of the velocity of light at a specified wave length in air to its velocity in a substance under examination.

They suggested that zinc oxide probably reacts with the nonrubber constituents to create salts which dissolve and change the refractive index. It was also observed that the refractive index of zinc oxiderubber mixtures increased proportionally with each addition of zinc oxide until the opacity of the zinc oxide-rubber mixture became too great to permit measurement by transmitted light. Incorporated in latex before rubber was masticated in contact with the pigment. It was also observed that the refractive index of the rubber-zinc oxide stock approximately returned to the value of unpigmented rubber when zinc oxide was dissolved from the stock. You can postulate that the increase would be related to the precise surface of the pigment, and the results on the several sized zinc oxides indicate this to be true. Holt and AIcPherson found that the volume of a gum elastic band decreases when elongated
Refractive index measurements were taken immediately after the evaporation of the acetone. The data in Table I’ show that the extraction of zinc oxide from the rubber-zinc oxide compounds has lowered the refractive index to approximately that of unpigmented ruhher.

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